En esta contribución se analizan dos grandes períodos de la obra intelectual de Pietro Barcellona. El primero se corresponde con sus originarias reflexiones sobre los distintos usos del derecho, en el sentido de la transformación-adecuación de las instituciones y del ordenamiento jurídico italiano de la postguerra con los principios de la Constitución de 1948. De este primer período hay que destacar sus investigaciones sobre el uso alternativo del derecho y de los lazos de funcionalidad existentes entre el Estado, la economía (...) y el derecho. En el segundo período, se analiza el tránsito del pensamiento barcelloniano hacia las cuestiones que deben enriquecer un concepto de democracia plena de sentido para un individuo cada vez más alienado, sometido a la lógica de lo económico y, por tanto, menos libre y autónomo. Barcellona afronta esta última cuestión analizando los fundamentos de la Modernidad, para comprender principalmente dos cosas: a) el destino del individuo en esta fase de la sociedad occidental, y b) saber cómo ha logrado la burguesía, a través de qué principios y formas, consolidar y reproducir su hegemonía social en la sociedad moderna. En esta etapa el siguiente trabajo se centra, en primer lugar, en su teoría del individualismo propietario y en la crítica al "derecho igual", para después, en un segundo momento, plantear sus propuestas acerca de la política y de la democracia como forma de vida. Todo el análisis de la obra de Barcellona, considerada por los autores del siguiente ensayo, como fundamental para entender diversos aspectos jurídico-políticos de las sociedades post-industriales, ha sido desarrollado respetando el orden cronológico de la producción intelectual de Barcellona a lo largo de los dos períodos tratados. (shrink)

Thinking, Language, and Experience was first published in 1989.Hector-Neri Castañeda's intricate and provocative essays have been widely influential, especially his work in epistemology and ethics, and his theory on the relation of thought to action. The fourteen essays in Thinking, Language, and Experience -- half of them written expressly for this volume -- demonstrate the breadth and richness of his recent work on the unitary structure of human experience.A comprehensive, unified study of phenomena at the intersection between experience, thinking, language, (...) and reality, this book focuses on singular reference -- that is, reference to individuals insofar as they are thought of as individuals: indicators, quasi-indicators, proper names, singular descriptions. Castañeda establishes a large number of new facts -- linguistic, semantic, psychological, and sociological -- about the workings of language in human experience, and from them develops a network of new theories, all grounded in his comprehensive Guise Theory.These theories offer a systematic account for: the structure of human experience and the world at large; the mental powers required to think of the world and to undergo experiences; self-consciousness; the language for thinking of other minds; perception and the interaction between indexical reference and perceptual fields; and the role of subjectivity in perception and intentional action. (shrink)

“Myth theorists” have recently called the normative requirement of means-end rationality into question. I show that we can accept certain lessons from the Myth Theorists and also salvage our intuition that there is a normative requirement of means-end rationality. I argue that any appeal to a requirement to make our attitudes coherent as such is superfluous and unnecessary in order to vindicate the requirement of means-end rationality and also avoid the problematic conclusion that persons ought to take the means to (...) whatever ends they happen to intend. (shrink)

Those who argue that corporations can be morally responsible for what they do help us to understand how autonomous corporate agency is possible, and those who argue that they cannot be help us maintain distinctive value in human life. Each offers something valuable, but without securing the other's important contribution. I offer an account that secures both. I explain how corporations can be autonomous agents that we can continue to be justified in blaming as responsible agents, but without it also (...) being the case that corporations are morally responsible for anything that they do. The upshot is that we can make sense of the reality of corporate agency and the value that we derive from our sophisticated interactions with them as autonomous agents, while vindicating the idea that they are not members of the moral community. (shrink)

Germán Cano Gedisa Barcelona, 2023 149 páginas ISBN: 978-8419406002.

En 1888, Nietzsche se presenta a la humanidad antes del gran asalto: La transvaloración de todos los valores. Se lamenta de no ser reconocido, de ser confundido, de no ser visto ni oído por otros. Por eso, decide autopresentarse a través de un libro que intenta mostrarlo como capaz de realizar y soportar la propia transvaloración. El resultado: un libro peculiar e incomprensible, para muchos la obra de un delirante. Pero es también, para nosotros, la obra que muestra a un (...) Nietzsche intentando la inmortalidad a través de su escritura. (shrink)

Construcción, esquematismo e imaginación, de J. Michael Young.

In this article, I review The Ethics of Killing Animals, discussing its relevance in the contemporary debate and critiquing its authors’ discussion of time. The book covers a multitude of topics, including value theory, identity, the replaceability argument, a Kantian deontological approach to animal rights, and the political rights of nonhuman animals. In particular, the work focuses on three debates: Whether or not happiness and suffering should be symmetrically or asymmetrically weighted in moral considerations; whether or not nonhuman animals conceive (...) of themselves as existing through time; and whether or not existence may be legitimately compared with nonexistence. (shrink)

This paper aims to offer a definition of excessive profit for cases of exploitation. Most of the literature that aims to identify cases of exploitation focus on determining a fixed price, and suggests that profit is excessive when individuals deviate from this price. More recently, Joe Horton has proposed an indifferent benchmark between transacting with a vulnerable party and not transacting with her. After arguing against the existing focus on prices, the paper proposes an alternative approach to exploitation which focuses (...) on the profit made by the purported exploiter party. It suggests that profit is excessive when an agent makes more profit than the profit that a non-vulnerable purported exploiter would have made when transacting with a non-vulnerable second party. The focus on profit leads to the conclusion that different prices may be non-exploitative depending on the situation of the agents involved. (shrink)

Therapy for metaphysics -- Concepts, rules, and the spirit of recognition -- Meaning and meanings -- Reference and presence -- Truth and correspondence -- Emancipating theology.

In this paper we distinguish, from other sanctions, specific targeted sanctions—namely those imposed on particular individuals and sanctions on goods that facilitate the violation of human rights. We ask if these sanctions satisfy the three of the principles of Just War Theory (JWT): chance of success, proportionality and discrimination. We argue that while there is not enough empirical evidence to make a claim about specific targeted sanctions and chance of success, these sanctions do meet the principles of proportionality and discrimination, (...) which are not met by other sanctions. Our ultimate conclusion is that comprehensive sanctions, and some types of targeted sanctions—e.g., those that target sectors of the economy or dual-goods such as oil—cannot be justified, since there is another type of sanctions, namely specific targeted sanctions, that meet the principles of JWT, and hence, are fairer. (shrink)

El ensayo estudia dos fuentes de tensión en la idea kantiana de sociedad: por un lado, la tensión configurada por las conexiones y diferencias entre la moral y la política; y, por otro, las tensiones entre dos relatos o líneas argumentales que dominan los textos kantianos, los relatos trascendental y teleológico. La propuesta del ensayo es que tales tensiones pueden atenuarse con un sesgo particular, esto es, enfatizando el relato trascendental y la tesis de la primacía de la moral, frente (...) al relato teleológico y la tesis de la independencia de la política respecto de la moral. (shrink)

En 1885, Nietzsche decide volver a publicar sus antiguos libros para los cuales escribirá prólogos. En ellos, Nietzsche desarrolla una terapéutica del presente, esto es una escritura que realiza un diagnóstico del presente, en donde lee síntomas de su época. Posteriormente, en 1888, Nietzsche escribirá un texto muy particular, Ecce homo, en el cual, mediante la escritura terapéutica, se elabora como filósofo del futuro que intenta superar su época. Así, Nietzsche nos relata cómo ha llegado a ser el que es, (...) esto es, cómo se ha constituido en un tipo capaz de enfrentarse al tipo cristiano. (shrink)

Papillomaviruses, long associated with benign skin tumors, have been linked more recently to human cancers, particularly to cervical carcinoma. Molecular analysis of the virus has identified the transforming gene and its regulation by both viral and cellular trans:‐acting factors. This viral regulatory mechanism is altered in carcinomas. However, lack of progress in developing an in vitro system has hampered investigation of the viral life cycle and the biology of the virus‐‐host: cell interaction.

For half a century, readers of C. S. Lewis had only two problematic and at times obscure spiritual autobiographies to use in attempts to understand Lewis’s journey to faith through what he called Joy, Sehnsucht, or longing. Both books, though important and full of key insights, in some ways hid more than they revealed. Recent discoveries, however, have widened the arc of autobiography. Lewis’s landmark pre-Christian account of his conversion to theism, ‘Early Prose Joy’, published in 2013, monumentally widened and (...) deepened our understanding of Lewis’s spiritual journey to faith. And the fragmentary poem ‘I Will Write Down the Portion that I Understand’ also adds significant insight, at least into Lewis’s composition process of grappling with conversion. Insightful recent scholarship by Alister McGrath suggests widening the scope of what we consider spiritual autobiography in Lewis to include A Grief Observed; this idea opens the door to a broader view of how autobiography functions both in Lewis’s compositional life and in the categorization of his writings. This essay accepts that invitation, finding clear autobiographical efforts to capture the role of Joy in Lewis’s early poetry, including Dymer, and in his late novel Till We Have Faces. That last book, written with soon-to-be-wife Joy Davidman, serves crucially to change the focus of Lewis’s spiritual autobiographies from Joy to love. By thus expanding and exploring Lewis’s autobiographical arc, this essay brings to light an almost teleological understanding of love and the central theme of Lewis’s life and work. (shrink)

One of the most striking experiences of my early days as a postgraduate student of medieval Scots law was an encounter with a twelfth-century charter which, apart from being written in Latin, might have served as a model or template for the land transfer documents which I had learned how to draft the previous year in the undergraduate class called Conveyancing. Alliterative thoughts came into my head—conveyancing, conservatism, consistency, continuity—but also the question of when this seeming stability was first achieved, (...) and how it crossed from Latin into the formal Scots-law English of my own day. Joanna Kopaczyk’s fascinating study of legal language in Scottish towns from the late middle ages to the Reformation in Scotland does not address the conveyancing question but it raises similar issues about legal and administrative record-keeping, addressing them from the perspective of historical linguistics. She is interested in the tendency of both law and language towa .. (shrink)

The critical discourse analysis is the tool used in this article, to study how audiovisual media have constructed mental representation about the historical facts occurred in Spain between the final stage of the Spanish Civil War and the late 1980s: the theft of newborn babies. The State has failed in an attempt to establish policies that support truth, justice and reparation as it has been recalled by United Nations experts to the Government of Spain, and the reports and documentaries have (...) become vehicles to capture and recover memories. Our objective is to analyze how this collective awareness has been realized and the contribution of reports and documentaries. Our results show that the Spanish television channels silence the Francoist context to depict the thefts as the product of economical mobs focused on child trafficking. The international channels, however, put the origin of the dictatorship at the center of the discourse. (shrink)

Este trabajo tiene como propósito aportar algunos elementos para una reflexión sobre los procesos de industrialización en la provincia de Catamarca - Argentina en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. Para orientarnos en esta dirección partiremos del proyecto de una enciclopedia genética propuesta por el filósofo Gilbert Simondon cómo propuesta de abordaje. Luego analizaremos el espíritu enciclopédico presente en los escritos económicos de Federico Schickendantz y Samuel Lafone Quevedo estructurados como máquinas de enseñar. Por último, presentaremos la descripción de dos (...) objetos técnicos creados por el D. Mardoqueo Molina y Bazán elaborada en estos escritos. Consideramos que estos objetos técnico aportaron un paradigma de inteligibilidad para la construcción de ciertas imágenes del porvenir de la actividad industrial en la provincia de Catamarca en estos escritos. Desde nuestra perspectiva, la falta de una estado metaestable a nivel social, necesario para amplificar estas imágenes del provenir, impidieron el desarrollo de una mentalidad técnica. (shrink)

The phenomenon of self-love elicits conflicting reactions. Some believe it is the key to happiness, while others are skeptical. This essay defines self-love as wholehearted concern for one's well-being, argues that it does not imply selfishness, arrogance, or vanity, discusses reasons to value self-love, and describes ways Logic-Based Therapy can be used to help people love themselves.

La epistemología bayesiana tiene como concepto capital la condicionalización simple. Para comprender de buena forma cómo opera esta regla, se debe dar cuenta de la concepción subjetiva de la probabilidad. Sobre la base de lo anterior es posible esclarecer alcances y límites de la condicionalización simple. En general, cuando esta regla enfrenta una dificultad se hacen esfuerzos por resolver dicha particular cuestión, pero no es usual encontrar propuestas unificadas con la intención de resolver varias de las complicaciones subyacentes al bayesianismo (...) ortodoxo. Por lo mismo, el propósito de esta investigación es justamente proponer aquello: un marco bayesiano ampliado que tendrá por objeto solucionar más de una cuestión particular. Más específicamente, el problema de la incorregibilidad, el problema del surgimiento del cero, el problema de la evidencia antigua y el problema de las teorías nuevas. Lo anterior se logrará adicionando al bayesianismo ortodoxo dos cuestiones, a saber, la condicionalización épsilon y una reconstrucción racional. Palabras clave: Probabilidad Subjetiva, Grados de Creencia, Dogmatismo Bayesiano, Evidencia Antigua, Nuevas Teorías. (shrink)

Contemporary research offers a more compelling account on the complex emotion of envy than the traditional view of envy as simply something bad. This essay explains how Logic-Based Therapy can use this account to coach individuals struggling with negative species of envy. Given that jealousy and envy are often equated, the essay differentiates the two; explains the conditions that make the four species of envy possible; identifies cardinal fallacies associated with negative species of envy; proposes counteractive virtues, and describes ways (...) to help people struggling with negative species of envy acquire these virtues. (shrink)

Este ensayo discute los vínculos entre dos tesis provenientes de la Doctrina trascendental de los elementos, en la Crítica de la razon pura, de Immanuel Kant. La primera es que las intuiciones y los conceptos son representaciones de naturaleza distinta, y se conoce como la tesis de la heterogeneidad. La segunda, llamada tesis de la dependencia sintética, es que las intuiciones dependen de la actividad sintética del entendimiento. La propuesta principal del ensayo es que ambas tesis solo son conciliables si (...) se abandona el conceptualismo, posición sostenida, entre otros, por Pedro Stepanenko (2016), y según la cual las intuiciones solo tienen contenido representacional si están subordinadas al entendimiento. (shrink)

Abstract:In this paper I focus on parasitic cases of exploitation in the case of UBI. I start by arguing that existing concepts of parasitic exploitation in the literature are over inclusive, since they label as cases of parasitic exploitation some cases that are not. Then I offer my own narrower framework of parasitic exploitation, which includes three conditions: built-in mechanisms, structural vulnerability and non-proportionality. I suggest that exploitation happens when agents misuse a system to obtain additional profit at the potential (...) expense of the weak party. This profit is additional compared to a counterfactual scenario in which the systemic vulnerability was not present. I argue that while some cases of parasitic exploitation may arise in the case of UBI, these cases are likely to be weak, and hence, absence of regulation of this system can be justified on the grounds that this would prevent stronger types of exploitation and domination.Key words: Universal Basic Income; parasitic exploitation; transactional exploitation; domination; misusing a system; free-rider. (shrink)

We have now provided an overall simple theoretical account of the structure of perceptual experience proto-philosophically examined in Part I. The next task is to find the proper logical machinery to formulatte those accounts rigorously.

Este trabajo discute la teoría del espacio de Leibniz en el contexto de suconcepción metafísica según la cual las propiedades extrínsecas de unasubstancia se fundamentan, en últimas, en sus propiedades intrínsecas. Enparticular, el artículo sostiene que la teoría leibnizeana de las relacionesespaciales se compagina difícilmente con su principio de identidad, segúnel cual no hay diferencia cuantitativa que no sea a las vez una diferenciacualitativa. La propuesta es que la teoría de Leibniz cae presa del siguientedilema: o bien el espacio no (...) tiene partes, en cuyo caso la teoría no puedeexplicar cómo nos hacemos de la representación de espacio; o bien elespacio tiene partes, lo cual significa que puede haber diferencias que sonmeramente cuantitativas. (shrink)

A Computable Universe is a collection of papers discussing computation in nature and the nature of computation, a compilation of the views of the pioneers in the contemporary area of intellectual inquiry focused on computational and informational theories of the world. This volume is the definitive source of informational/computational views of the world, and of cutting-edge models of the universe, both digital and quantum, discussed from a philosophical perspective as well as in the greatest technical detail. The book discusses the (...) foundations of computation in relation to nature. It focuses on two main questions: What is computation? How does nature compute? The contributors are world-renowned experts who have helped shape a cutting-edge computational understanding of the universe. They discuss computation in the world from a variety of perspectives, ranging from foundational concepts to pragmatic models to ontological conceptions and their philosophical implications. The volume provides a state-of-the-art collection of technical papers and non-technical essays representing a field that takes information and computation to be key to understanding and explaining the basic structure underpinning physical reality. It also includes a new edition of Konrad Zuse's "Calculating Space", and a panel discussion transcription on the topic, featuring worldwide experts (including a Nobel prize) in quantum mechanics, physics, cognition, computation and algorithmic complexity.A Computable Universe is a collection of papers discussing computation in nature and the nature of computation, a compilation of the views of the pioneers in the contemporary area of intellectual inquiry focused on computational and informational theories of the world. This volume is the definitive source of informational/computational views of the world, and of cutting-edge models of the universe, both digital and quantum, discussed from a philosophical perspective as well as in the greatest technical detail. The book discusses the foundations of computation in relation to nature. It focuses on two main questions: What is computation? How does nature compute? The contributors are world-renowned experts who have helped shape a cutting-edge computational understanding of the universe. They discuss computation in the world from a variety of perspectives, ranging from foundational concepts to pragmatic models to ontological conceptions and their philosophical implications. The volume provides a state-of-the-art collection of technical papers and non-technical essays representing a field that takes information and computation to be key to understanding and explaining the basic structure underpinning physical reality. It also includes a new edition of Konrad Zuse's "Calculating Space", and a panel discussion transcription on the topic, featuring worldwide experts (including a Nobel prize) in quantum mechanics, physics, cognition, computation and algorithmic complexity. (shrink)

Main description: Verbreitet ist die Auffassung, dass es vernünftig ist, moralisch zu handeln, weil es unvernünftig ist, gegen moralische Normen zu verstoßen. Gegen diese Ansicht vertritt der Autor die These, dass es immer vernünftigerweise erlaubt ist, moralisch zu handeln, dass aber im Falle eines Konflikts zwischen Klugheitsgründen und moralischen Normen sowohl die moralische als auch die unmoralische Handlungsweise vernünftigerweise erlaubt sind.